對于(yu)陜(shan)西鋁(lv)合(he)(he)金(jin)鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)在選(xuan)擇分(fen)模面時,除了與(yu)鋼(gang)鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)在選(xuan)擇分(fen)模面時考慮的(de)(de)(de)因素相同外,還應特別考慮均(jun)勻變(bian)形(xing)。如(ru)果(guo)分(fen)模面選(xuan)擇不合(he)(he)理(li),很容(rong)易(yi)使鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)線(xian)(xian)紊亂,切除毛邊(bian)后流(liu)(liu)(liu)線(xian)(xian)末端暴露(lu),鋁(lv)合(he)(he)金(jin)鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)更容(rong)易(yi)在分(fen)模面產生穿流(liu)(liu)(liu)、穿肋裂紋等缺陷,從而降低其(qi)疲(pi)勞強(qiang)度和(he)抗應力(li)腐蝕能力(li)。理(li)想情況下(xia),一般分(fen)模面是(shi)通過(guo)反(fan)擠壓(ya)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de),流(liu)(liu)(liu)線(xian)(xian)沿著(zhu)鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)狀分(fen)布。分(fen)模面以鍛(duan)(duan)壓(ya)法形(xing)成(cheng),內角容(rong)易(yi)折疊、穿流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)晶(jing)粒結構不均(jun)勻。鋁(lv)合(he)(he)金(jin)鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)在鍛(duan)(duan)造(zao)過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)表面氧化(hua)、污染和(he)金(jin)相組織變(bian)化(hua)不明顯,因此機械加工余量應小于(yu)鋼(gang)、鈦合(he)(he)金(jin)和(he)高(gao)溫合(he)(he)金(jin)。鋁(lv)合(he)(he)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)附著(zhu)力(li)很大。在實際生產中,通常采用(yong)7°的(de)(de)(de)模鍛(duan)(duan)斜率(lv),以便于(yu)進(jin)料。如(ru)果(guo)有頂出裝置,也可使用(yong)1°~5°。
對于(yu)鋁合金(jin)(jin)鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian),圓角(jiao)半(ban)(ban)(ban)徑(jing)的(de)(de)設計尤為(wei)重要。小(xiao)圓角(jiao)半(ban)(ban)(ban)徑(jing)不僅使金(jin)(jin)屬流(liu)(liu)動(dong)困(kun)難,纖維斷裂(lie)(lie)(lie),而(er)且(qie)使鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)折疊開裂(lie)(lie)(lie),降低鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)的(de)(de)使用壽命。因此,在(zai)(zai)可能(neng)的(de)(de)條件(jian)下,應盡量增(zeng)加圓角(jiao)半(ban)(ban)(ban)徑(jing)。鋁合金(jin)(jin)鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)的(de)(de)圓角(jiao)半(ban)(ban)(ban)徑(jing)一般(ban)大于(yu)鋼鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)。為(wei)防止鋁合金(jin)(jin)鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)切割(ge)后在(zai)(zai)分模(mo)(mo)線上(shang)(shang)開裂(lie)(lie)(lie),鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)的(de)(de)毛(mao)邊槽橋高度(du)和(he)圓角(jiao)半(ban)(ban)(ban)徑(jing)比(bi)鋼鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)大30%。西安(an)鋁合金(jin)(jin)鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)不適合滾(gun)動(dong)和(he)拉長模(mo)(mo)具(ju)。因為(wei)在(zai)(zai)滾(gun)動(dong)和(he)拉長空(kong)白(bai)中,很容易在(zai)(zai)空(kong)白(bai)內部產生裂(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)。一般(ban)采用單模(mo)(mo)鍛(duan)(duan)造。特(te)別是(shi)對于(yu)形(xing)狀(zhuang)復(fu)(fu)雜的(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian),應使用多(duo)套(tao)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)和(he)多(duo)次模(mo)(mo)鍛(duan)(duan)。使簡單形(xing)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)逐漸過渡到(dao)形(xing)狀(zhuang)復(fu)(fu)雜的(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian),使金(jin)(jin)屬流(liu)(liu)動(dong)均勻,填充(chong)方(fang)便,纖維連續。由(you)于(yu)鋁合金(jin)(jin)附著(zhu)力(li)大,流(liu)(liu)動(dong)性差(cha),模(mo)(mo)具(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作表(biao)(biao)面(mian)需要仔細拋光(guang),磨損方(fang)向沿(yan)金(jin)(jin)屬流(liu)(liu)動(dong)方(fang)向,模(mo)(mo)具(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作表(biao)(biao)面(mian)粗糙度(du)達到(dao)1.6以上(shang)(shang)。為(wei)了減少鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作表(biao)(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)熱應力(li),有利于(yu)金(jin)(jin)屬的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)動(dong),充(chong)滿模(mo)(mo)具(ju),....終鍛(duan)(duan)件(jian)溫(wen)度(du),模(mo)(mo)具(ju)必須在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作前預(yu)熱,預(yu)熱溫(wen)度(du)為(wei)250-400℃。